Either the Oucher scale or the faces pain scale is suitable for prehospital care providers to assess pain in children. An earlier comparison of the Oucher with another behavioural scale demonstrated poor correlation between them overall, but agreement, particularly at lower scores, was good. 2017;93(s1):2---18 REVIEW ARTICLE Sedation and analgesia for procedures in the pediatric emergency room, Carlos Eduardo Ramalhoa,b, Pedro Messeder Caldeira. Children who are able to count to 100 by ones or tens and can identify. He cries and rolls his headfrom side to side a lot. The Oucher Scale B. One major challenge in the management of severe pain is the objective measurement of pain. Oucher pain scale: Description: A self-report pain assessment tool for children aged 3 to 12. Pain Assessment Scales Adult. Pollack CV , Diercks DB , Thomas SH , Shapiro NI , Fanikos J , Mace SE , Rafique Z , Todd KH. de Oucher), ya que presenta diferentes ver-siones disponibles con imágenes de acuerdo . FACES pain rating tool b. Headache in children: Approach to. FACES pain rating tool b. Click the card to flip 👆. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. A nurse would use the following pain scale to assess an adult client who has a visual deficit: Oucher scale; FACES scale; Visual analogue scale; Numerical scale; 1 points QUESTION 5. The FACES scale is appropriate for. The findings indicate that pain intensity was significantly higher in the control group than the. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Adult Non-Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS) Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD) Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) Critical-Care Observation Tool (CPOT) Pediatrics. Rolling from tummy to side c. FLACC scale. 2005 Mar;6 (1):10-7. Type b. 26-29. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Numeric D. Numeric scale c. PURPOSE: To compare the validity, reliability, and preference of pain intensity measurement tools--the African-American Oucher Scale, the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)--in 100 African-American children between 3 and 18 years of age. Oucher scale b. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. FACES pain rating tool b. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. There are various scales available to match the child's ethnic heritage. This article illustrates the precision and care needed to create clinically useful tools for obtaining information directly from young children. It is based on. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. A 3-year-old toddler who has a fractured femur C. The “Oucher Scale” was also developed to obtain children's self-reports of pain intensity . When pain is assessed in an infant, it is inappropriate to assess for a. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. (Alien faces) Children 3-4 and older. A pain scale measures a patient 's pain intensity or other features. MEDICIONES DE FITNESS: CARDIOPULMONAR: RESISTENCIA / GASTO DE ENERGÍA: MULTIDOMINIO: Fitness Gram. b. chronic. Oucher pain rating scale The Oucher scale is a self-report scale appropriate for ages 3 to 13. FACES pain rating tool b. Oucher was the most preferred scale by the children and had a uniformly increasing relationship with FPS and VRS, which has implications for research on pain management using Oucher, which was a reliable and preferred scale in children. FACES pain rating tool b. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Based on the reported reliability, validity, and preference scores, the FACES would be the best scale for assessing pain severity in African American pediatric patients. Oucher scale d. Oucher scale: Children (Age >8 yrs) Self-report pain scale: Based on. Each child chose a painful experience, rated his/her experience on each of the above scales, and then chose the scale he/she liked best. Which of the following occurs with malignant hypertension? (Select all that apply. The Oucher Scale (which is available in different ethnic versions, permits children to rate. Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist, A nurse is planning care for a child following a surgical procedure. FLACC C. acute 4. AI Quiz. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or does not have the language skills to express pain. Oucher scale d. The FACES pain-rating scale can be used to assess pain for children 3 years of age and older. The "faces" in the oucher chart go from happy and smiling to crying. Many healthcare providers will ask you to fill out a visual chart of some sort. Oucher scale d. Severity c. 001. Self-report measures are not sufficiently valid for children younger than 3 years of age because many are not able to accurately self-report their pain. The Oucher consists of a laminated poster, comprising six colour photographs and a vertical, numerical scale. Oucher scale d. NO pain is perception. Numeric scale c. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn’t have the language skills to express pain. Severity d. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or does not have the language skills to express pain. Oucher dapat digunakan untuk anak usia 3-13 tahun Nonverbal measures include facial expression scales, visual analog scales (VASs), and drawings. Oucher scale. The OUCHER Pain Scale is the most common self-reported measure for pain severity in children and was designed in 1984 by Beyer for pain severity assessment in children 3–12 years old [37]. Numeric scale c. Which pain scale is the most appropriate to use in an infant, age 6 months? A. FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot report pain. 7748/paed. FACES pain rating tool, A mother reports that her 6. Positive correlation then the validity of both scales. His parent says, I think he hurts. 오늘은 소아 진정/수면 마취 시 '소아 모니터링'과 진정 점수(Ramsay sedation scale, MOAA/S scale)과 통증 점수(FLACC scale, oucher scale, VAS)를 알아보았다. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Numeric scale c. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Adult Non-Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS) Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD) Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) Critical-Care Observation Tool (CPOT) Pediatrics. Oucher scale d. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC): measuring state and trait anxiety. His parent says, "I think he hurts. The reviewers found that the FPS-R scale was supported by the most extensive data for reliability and validity, though the WBFPRS and Oucher scales were adequately supported as well. ) and the Oucher is oriented in a vertical orientation similar to a thermometer. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Because the Oucher is a single-item rather than a multiple-item scale, the determination of its alternate forms reliability requires a nontraditional approach. At present, the verbal numerical rating scale appears the most appropriate pain measure to administer in the prehospital setting for adult patients as it is practical and valid. FACES pain rating tool b. A child with injuries from a motor vehicle crash is crying, moaning, and thrashing about on the bed. distress behaviors. These 4 scales were included in the review. Oucher pain rating scale (ages 3+, actual photos of children, must know number values) Poker Chip Tool (uses 1 to 4 poker chips to describe pain) Word-graphic rating scale (ages 8 to 15, child selects pain rating) Visual analog and numeric scales (ages 3+, scales of. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Self-report measures are not sufficiently valid for children younger than 3 years of age because many children are not able to self-report their pain accurately. Course: Pathopharmacology I (NURS 305) 97 Documents. Expand. Oucher scale d. Adolescent and pediatric pain tool c. Numeric scale c. Appropriately applied. -3. A 0 to 10 numerical rating scale was recommended for measuring pain intensity, and a 6-item Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short form for measuring pain. Additionally, Oucher scores were obtained before and after analgesic administration. and requires the child to point to each section on the scale to describe variations in pain intensity or to point to a picture and describe variations in pain. FLACC tool R A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn’t have the language skills to express pain. The study findings indicated that the FACES and African-American Oucher Scales are valid and reliable tools for measuring pain in children. This a self-reported scale measuring the intensity of pain of children between 3 and 12 years of age and is composed of 2 distinct scales. Because the original large-sized posters were unwieldy for use by nurses with children in clinical. HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PROGRAM GUIDEBOOK PHAs are required4 to adopt a minimum rent which may be set anywhere from $0 to $50. The CRIES Scale is for infants. They evaluate several behavioral and/or physiological parameters related to. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use? a. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Beyer and Shawndra B Turner and Leah Jones and Laura Young and Robin Onikul and Brenda S. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. The Oucher scale may be particularly useful for children older than 7 years and for studies that are restricted to certain ethnic groups, the study authors write. Oucher scale d. Children 3-4 and older. 4. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of three versions of the Oucher pain scale. Fig 1. Intended use for neonates &infants from 0-6 months. 01) after intravenous catheter insertion. Many are available, including the Faces Pain Scale – Revised (FPS-R) (10; the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and the Oucher . For example, females are not represented, as well as other cultures. 9 years (mean age of 8. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Dark brown blood noted in emesis B. Numeric scale c. Oucher d. 0 0. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pain, nociceptive pain, Neuropathic pain and more. Oucher scale d. 28 The second scale is for younger children and includes 6 photographs of children in sequential states of distress. 1, 2 The Poker Chip Tool (PCT), 12 visual analog scale (VAS, a 10-cm line arranged horizontally or vertically), 17 Wong-Baker FACES scale, 24. The only tool validated for assessing pain in mechanically ventilated patients ages 0 to 18 years is the;Oucher pain scale. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. The Oucher tool can be used to assess pain in children 3 to 12 years of age. Oucher tool d. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. The nurse teaches a preschooler to use a FACES pain rating scale prior to surgery. The median Oucher scale score and interquartile range were lower in the S-Caine Patch™ group (0 and 0–35, respectively) compared with the placebo group (60 and 20–80, respectively) ( P < 0. The numeric scale may be used with older children and adolescents. ANS: C, D The Oucher tool can be used to assess pain in children 3 to 12 years of age. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Most children preferred using the FACES Scale (56%) versus the Oucher (26%) and VAS (18%). Gauifenesin - Guaifenesin med card. ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn't have the language skills to express pain. FACES pain rating tool b. מוצג לילדים קטנים מאוד אך המבינים הבעות פנים, במטרה שיצביעו על הפרצוף המייצג את תחושת הכאב שהם חשים. When the data were analyzed for three cognitive stages (ages 3-7, 8-12, and 13-18 years), the following were found: For the school-age period, chi square for reliability did not reach significance (chi2 = 4. PMID: 12025292 DOI: 10. The Oucher scale may be particularly useful for children older than 7 years and for studies that are restricted to certain ethnic groups, the study authors write. COMFORT scale. Which of the following. Numeric scale c. Numeric scale c. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. PDF. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl who had surgery 12 hours ago. 11. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Access the FACES… Most children aged five years and older can provide meaningful self-reports of pain intensity if they are provided with age-appropriate tools and training. There are many age-appropriate tools available for assessing pain in pediatrics. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. d. FLACC B. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0-10. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which pain scale is the most appropriate to use in an infant, age 6 months? A. Pain is a common experience during childhood. 12), and 4. Kyle, age 6 months, is brought to the clinic. The protocol also encouraged the use of pain scales for pain evaluation pre and postopiate doses, using the EVENDOL (EValuation ENfant DOuLeur) scale for children under the age of 4 years old, and the Oucher (27, 28) scale for children aged 4 years and older. Solutions available. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. -nurse can use different pain scales such as: visual analog, numerical pain scale, FLACC, FACES, oucher. Checklist for Nonverbal Pain Indicators c. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. It is an ethnically based self-report scale, which has three versions: Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic [54, 55]. The faces scales require a patient to choose one of a series of facial expressions to demonstrate pain severity from “zero” to “severe. FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot report pain. FLACC C. The Oucher Scale is based on the stages of cognitive development and attempts to incorporate how children perceive and communicate their pain experience at different ages (Beyer 1994). It can be used with younger school-age children, although less abstract tools are more appropriate. Oucher scale d. Oucher scale d. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The nurse is. 7748/paed. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. The FPS-R contains six faces, ranging from a neutral. The original Oucher (Figure 1) consists of two separate scales: a 0 to 100 scale on the left for older children and a six-picture photographic scale on the right for younger children. Basic concept Painm 2. Oucher Scale (children) Initial Pain Assessment. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Kyle, age 6 months, is brought to the clinic. Quality of Evidence: Low1 A 2 year old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal from NURS MISC at University of Texas, El PasoStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like reflexive sympathetic dystrophy, Pain assessment tools, deep somatic pain and more. Oucher scale was used to measure pain intensity. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Pain scales are a common communication tool in medical contexts, and are used in a variety of medical. -2. The use of pain scale appropriate to the age of the child will help the nurse to obtain data about how severe the pain is. Therefore, this measure can be used with children from 3 to 12 years of age. Postoperative imaging revealed that the 13 patients received a complete bone union and improved femoral head shape. Oucher Scale. FLACC tool, 2. A nurse is gathering a history on a school-age child admitted for a migraine headache. FLACC tool; ANS: D. There are two scales on the OUCHER: a number scale for older children and a picture scale for younger children. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is completing a pain assessment of an infant. Pain measurements help determine the severity, type, and duration of the. Face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) 2. 6. validation, and continuing development of the Oucher: a measure of pain intensity. Oucher pain scale. Results: Brief self-report measures of pain intensity and pain interference were selected for inclusion in the core NIH Toolbox for use with adults. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all selfPatient Gender Diagnosis age (year) Side Bone flap area (cm) Operation time (min) Follow (m) Complications Lateral pillar Stulberg class Pre-Oucher scaleThe Oucher is a combination of two separate scales: the photographic faces scale and a 0–100 mm vertical numerical rating scale. Oucher scale d. Pain Assessment Scales Adult. Blood Pressure / physiology. The numerical scale: Measures pain on a scale of 1–10. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. It can be used with younger school-age children, although less abstract tools are more appropriate. Numeric scale c. Oucher scale d. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The Oucher scale is used for children aged 3-13 years. FACES pain rating tool b. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. These easily reproduced scales require no quantitative reasoning on the part of the child. FLACC tool, 2. Upgrade to Premium to unlock it. Pain management Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Self-report measures are not sufficiently valid for children younger than 3 years of age because many are not able to accurately self-report their pain. The OUCHER Scale — It was developed by Beyer in 1980 . Purpose: To compare the validity, reliability, and preference of pain intensity measurement tools--the African-American Oucher Scale, the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)--in 100 African-American children between 3 and 18 years of age. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or does not have the language skills to express pain. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Numeric scale c. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. 8). It uses six drawings of faces to help the patient rate their pain on a scale of 0 to 5. The Oucher scale has adequate psychometric properties in validity and reliability and can also be presented using photographed faces that match various ethnic and racial groups. The FACES and Oucher scales can both be used on patients of Esther ’s age . Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale. Beyer, RN, PhD Christine B. These employ drawings or pictures of facial expressions of pain which each correspond to a number value . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Premium. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Well-established: Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (Wong & Baker, 1988) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 1 (ages 7-adult) X : OUCHER 2,3 (ages 3-12) X : Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale 4 (ages 4-18) X : Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) 5 (ages 4-16) X : Pieces of Hurt (Poker Chip Tool) 6 (ages 4-7) X : Numerical Rating Scale 7 (ages 8-adult) X : Colored Analog Scale 8 (ages 7-adult) X Oucher: This scale consists of 2 vertical scales, a numerical scale from 0-100 and a photographic scale that consists of 6 pictures of the face of a child with expressions demonstrating increasing discomfort. We suggest that, in critically ill pediatric patients 6 yrs old and older who are capable of communicating, pain assessment via self-report be routinely performed using the Visual Analog Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, Oucher Scale, or Wong-Baker Faces pain scale. Nitroglycerin Med Card. Wong/Baker Rating Scale d. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. You may be asked to rate the intensity of your pain with a number, or by picking a "face" that represents how the pain makes you feel; this is called the "oucher" or "faces" chart. Either the Oucher scale or the faces pain scale is suitable for prehospital care providers to assess pain in children. The nurse knows that physiologic changes associated with pain in the neonate include a. 9) (P < 0. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pain, acute pain, chronic pain and more. This most likely suggests which feature of pain? a. 01). 2004. Some documents on Studocu are Premium. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. . A 12-year-old client who has had an appendectomy B. NURS MISC. D. FACES B. 42 0. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. 0 to 1 based on nurse Except cry (0 to 2) Pain is higher with a higher score, Higher the score the higher the pain 0 to 2 score 2 months to 7 years old. Numeric scale c. Oucher scale 2. On the numeric scale, 0 means “no hurt,” 10 to 30 means “little hurts,” 30 to 60 means “middle hurts,” 60 to 90 means “big hurts” and 100. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale is quick and easy to use and has adequate psychometric properties. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. PTS 1 DIF Cognitive Level Application REF 833 OBJ Nursing Process Assessment MSC from NUR 1172 at University of the Fraser ValleyThe subjective response was measured based on a 100 point scale (Oucher scale) with a minimum of 0 points (meaning no pain), with a significance level of 0. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. The Oucher Scale (which is available in different ethnic versions, permits children to rate their pain intensity by matching it to photographs of other children's faces that depict increasing levels of pain. Numeric scale c. FACES pain rating tool b. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Even though it covers a wide array of patients, it still has limits. Would it be better to use the Oucher scale, a self report measure, or CHEOPS, a behavioural pain measure, as at this age using either seems equally valid. Construct Validity Estimation for the African-American and Hispanic Versions of the Oucher Scale Judith E. Oucher scale d. al grupo racial al que se quiera aplicar (anglo-The Oucher and the Wong-Baker Scales assign a numerical value to each face (e. 3, respectively. Restrain the child's arms C. Oucher was the most preferred scale by the children and had a uniformly increasing relationship with FPS and VRS, which has implications for research on pain management using Oucher, which was a reliable and preferred scale in children. Twenty-two effect sizes (ESs) were initially combined across 12 studies using a fixed-effect model to obtain the summary estimate of ES on pain ratings (9 for the child–parent dyad, 8 for the child–nurse dyad, and 5 for the. Location, 2. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Numeric scale. g. Oucher scale d. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. Welcome to the Wong-Baker FACES Foundation The official home of the This tool was originally created with children for children to help them communicate about their pain. B The Checklist for Nonverbal Pain Indicators is for nonverbal adults. FACES pain rating tool b. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Like the CRIES scale, this set of variables is scored on a scale of 0 – 2. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. These 4 scales were included in the review. Oucher scale d. FACES pain rating tool b. FACES pain rating tool b. The Oucher Tool can be used to assess pain in children 3 to 12 years of age. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl who had surgery 12 hours. FACES pain rating tool b. Fotografías de niños en 6 niveles de malestar. The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. It has been particularly well investigated, but unlike some other scales it requires the purchase and possible sterilization of a plastic tool. and requires the child to point to each section on the scale to describe variations in pain intensity or to point to a picture and describe variations in pain. Postoperative pain score The Oucher pain scale, with 3 existing versions (Caucasian, African American, or Hispanic), includes 2 separate scales, a 0 to 100 numeric scale 4 and a photographic scale with 6 pictures of one child. Clinical use of topical anesthetics in children. ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or does not have the language skills to express pain. 7) was lower than the preoperative Oucher scale (5. " This most likely suggests which feature of pain? a. b. Some of these assessment tools include: Poker chip Oucher scale Simple verbal descriptive scale Visual analog scaleStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Kyle, age 6 months, is brought to the clinic. 1016/j. Oucher scale d. FACES pain rating tool b. The child's assessment reveals guarding of the abdomen. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use? a. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. • Twenty-eight nurses who. Because the original large-sized posters were unwieldy for use by nurses with children in clinical. The Oucher scale is used for children aged 3-13 years. Exemptions from the Minimum Rent Requirement11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) There are several different scales that can be used to assess for pain severity. 소아 수면/진정 중에 지속적으로 모니터링해 주고 회복 후에도 적절하게 깨는지 그리고 숨은 잘 쉬는지 순환은 좋은지. Depending on age and ability to order items by size, children point to either a face in a series of six photographs showing a child in varying degrees of. 05 and test power of 0. Face scales are consistently preferred by children over numerical, analog, or word descriptor scales.